![]() ![]() Pascal observed that a change in pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid and to the walls of its container. Pascal’s observations-since proven experimentally-provide the foundation for hydraulics, one of the most important developments in modern mechanical technology. For a fluid in static equilibrium, the net force on any part of the fluid must be zero otherwise the fluid will start to flow. If the fluid is water, we say it is in hydrostatic equilibrium. When a fluid is not flowing, we say that the fluid is in static equilibrium. ![]() A static fluid is a fluid that is not in motion. In 1653, the French philosopher and scientist Blaise Pascal published his Treatise on the Equilibrium of Liquids, in which he discussed principles of static fluids. Derive relationships between forces in a hydraulic system.Describe applications of Pascal’s principle.Let us calculate the pressure exerted on the bottom by the weight of the fluid.By the end of this section, you will be able to: Its bottom supports the weight of the fluid in it. The difference is that water is much denser than air, about 775 times as dense.Ĭonsider the container in Figure 1. You may notice an air pressure change on an elevator ride that transports you many stories, but you need only dive a meter or so below the surface of a pool to feel a pressure increase. In this case, the pressure being exerted upon you is a result of both the weight of water above you and that of the atmosphere above you. Under water, the pressure exerted on you increases with increasing depth. This pressure is reduced as you climb up in altitude and the weight of air above you decreases. At the Earth’s surface, the air pressure exerted on you is a result of the weight of air above you. If your ears have ever popped on a plane flight or ached during a deep dive in a swimming pool, you have experienced the effect of depth on pressure in a fluid. ![]()
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